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41.
Energy bands formed by rotation–vibrational states of molecules in the presence of symmetry and their qualitative modifications under variation of some control parameters are studied within the semi-quantum model. Rotational variables are treated as classical whereas a finite set of vibrational states is considered as quantum. In the two-state approximation the system is described in terms of a fiber bundle with the base space being a two-dimensional sphere, the classical phase space for rotational variables. Generically this rank 2 complex vector bundle can be decomposed into two complex line bundles characterized by a topological invariant, the first Chern class. A general method of explicit calculation of Chern classes and of their possible modifications under variation of control parameters in the presence of symmetry is suggested. The construction of iso-Chern diagrams which split the space of control parameters into connected domains with fixed Chern numbers is suggested. A detailed analysis of the rovibrational model Hamiltonian for a D3 invariant molecule possessing two vibrational states transforming according to the two-dimensional irreducible representation is done to illustrate non-trivial restrictions imposed by symmetry on possible values of Chern classes. 相似文献
42.
In the forming section of a papermachine, a water suspension of pulp fibers is drained through a forming fabric. One canonical test case that incorporates some key features of this process is that which studies the interaction of a single fiber with a cylinder. This article concerns numerical simulations of this interaction. 相似文献
43.
44.
Photonic generation of microwave signals using dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fiber lasers
Photonic generation of microwave signals is demonstrated with a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber ring laser. Microwave signal with a frequency of 21.07 GHz is obtained by aligning the reflection band of a uniform fiber Bragg grating to the two transmission peaks within a fiber Bragg grating-based Fabry-Perot filter. Stable dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode operation is guaranteed by means of the combined filtering effect of a saturable absorber and the Fabry-Perot filter. This approach provides an effective solution to the photonic generation of high-frequency microwave signals. 相似文献
45.
Chil-Chyuan Kuo 《Optik》2011,122(20):1799-1803
A real-time in-situ time-resolved optical inspection system comprising two He-Ne probe lasers, a digital oscilloscope, and three fast photodetectors is developed. The effects of angle of probe laser and pinhole diameter on the time-resolved optical inspection system are investigated during excimer laser crystallization. The longest melt duration and ablation excimer laser fluence are independent of pinhole size. The pinhole with a diameter of 0.3 mm is recommended to use in the time-resolved optical inspection system. Determination of melt duration and observation of explosive crystallization oscillation are independent of angle of probe laser, but four criteria for the relationship between probe lasers and photodetectors should be followed. 相似文献
46.
This paper presents the modeling and characterization of an optical fiber grating for maximum reflectivity. Grating length and change in refractive index are the critical parameters in contributing to the performance of fiber Bragg grating. The wavelength chosen for analysis is from the third window to minimize the attenuation. The reflection spectra, bandwidth and side lobes strength were analyzed with different lengths and change in refractive index. The simulations are based on solving coupled mode equations by transfer matrix method that describes the interaction of guided modes. 相似文献
47.
In this work, the improvement of the dynamic range of a micro displacement sensor based on fiber specklegrams holographically stored in a photorefractive BSO (Bi12SiO20) crystal is reported. In our experimental setup, a plastic optical fiber (POF) was used to generate a subjective speckle pattern that was recorded in the crystal using a two-wave mixing arrangement. The speckle size was controlled by modifying the diameter of a pupil aperture adjacent to a lens producing the image of the speckle. Fringe patterns were obtained at the output of the system by producing micro displacements of the fiber output end. An increase in the visibility of the fringe patterns was appreciated when the pupil aperture diameter decreased even without controlling the average modulation of the intensity of the light pattern, i.e. when the speckle length increased and the average light modulation simultaneously decreased. This behavior allowed recovering the autocorrelation functions of fringe patterns associated with displacements that initially led to decorrelation, and therefore, significantly to improve the dynamic range of the metrological system. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about the influence of speckle size on the dynamic range of fiber specklegrams sensors recorded on photorefractive materials. 相似文献
48.
A full-duplex radio-over-fiber (RoF) link with a novel scheme to generate 60 GHz mm-waves from a 5 GHz RF signal source is investigated. In the RoF downlink, the required frequency of the RF oscillator is reduced greatly. Since the optical carrier is not modulated by downstream data, part of it is reused to carry upstream data and the upstream data is transmitted to the central station using optical single-sideband modulation. In this way, a single wavelength is used for both downstream and upstream transmissions. Based on this scheme, a full-duplex RoF link is built and its transmission performance is analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the downstream signal cannot only eliminate code form distortion caused by time shift of the code edges, but also reduce the influence of the fading effect as the 60 GHz DSB optical mm-wave signal is transmitted along the fiber, and the upstream signal is immune to both fading effect and time shift of the code edges. 相似文献
49.
In the current work, we first reconstructed the molar fraction-depth profiles of cation and anion near the surface of tetrabutylammonium iodide dissolved in formamide by a refined calculation procedure, based on angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. In this calculation procedure, both the transmission functions of the core levels and the inelastic mean free paths of the photoelectrons have been taken into account. We have evaluated the partial molar volumes of surfactant and solvent by the densities of such solutions with different bulk concentrations. With those partial molar volumes, the molar concentration-depth profiles of tetrabutylammonium ion and iodide ion were determined. The surface excesses of both surfactant ions were then achieved directly by integrating these depth profiles. The anionic molar concentration-depth profiles and surface excesses have been compared with their counterparts determined by neutral impact ion scattering spectroscopy. The comparisons exhibit good agreements. Being capable of determining molar concentration-depth profiles of surfactant ions by core levels with different kinetic energies may extend the applicable range of ARXPS in investigating solution surfaces. 相似文献
50.